Hi, I'm Serhat Sönmez

This course explains how the internet and the web actually work, covering the core mechanisms behind them — from network infrastructure and protocols to encryption and modern development processes. The content is structured to provide a solid foundation for anyone working in web development and IT.

There are no prerequisites for this training.

1. Introduction to Internet Fundamentals
   • What is the Internet and How Does it Work?
   • What is the Web?
   • History and Evolution of the Internet and Web
   • Physical Infrastructure of the Internet
   • Protocols and Their Importance
   • Who Determines Protocols?
   • Compliance of Browsers and Applications with Protocols
   • Core Concepts of the Internet
     • IP (Internet Protocol) and IP Address
     • IPv4 - IPv6
     • Private and Public IPv4
     • IP Range
     • IP Subnet and CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)
     • Port
     • Gateway
     • ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
     • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
     • MAC (Media Access Control) Address
     • WAN (Wide Area Network)
     • LAN (Local Area Network)
     • NAT (Network Address Translation)
2. Network Infrastructure and Communication Basics
   • OSI Model
   • TCP/IP Model
   • Differences Between UDP and TCP
   • TCP Segment Structure
   • TCP 3-Way Handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK)
   • What are TLS and SSL?
   • TLS/SSL Handshake
   • Validation Process of SSL/TLS Certificates
   • Packet Analysis with Wireshark and tcpdump
3. Network Management and Diagnostic Tools
   • NAT and IP Management (Private, Public)
   • Network Interfaces
   • Types of Firewalls
     • Firewall Types Based on Operational Levels
     • Firewall Types Based on Architecture
     • Specialized Firewall Types Based on Purpose
   • Ping and ICMP
   • DNS Query Analysis with Host
   • DNS Query Analysis with Dig
   • Route Tracing with Traceroute/Tracert
   • Network and Port Scanning with Nmap
   • Listing Open Ports with Netstat
   • TCP/UDP Connection Testing with Telnet and Netcat
   • Network Performance Analysis with iPerf
4. Cryptography and Encryption Mechanisms
   • Hashing
   • Symmetric Encryption
   • Asymmetric Encryption
   • RSA and Diffie-Hellman Algorithms
   • Hybrid Encryption
   • Differences Between Encryption and Signing
   • OpenPGP Protocol and GPG
   • Cryptography in Web Security
     • Use Cases of Asymmetric Encryption
     • Use Cases of Symmetric Encryption
     • Use Cases of Hash Functions
     • Use of Algorithms in TLS/SSL Handshake Process
     • Cipher Suite (Encryption Package)
     • HTTP/3 and TLS 1.3
5. DNS (Domain Name System)
   • How DNS Works
   • Recursive DNS Resolver and Authoritative DNS Server
   • DNS Resolution Process and Local Caching
   • DNS Record Types
   • Reverse DNS (Reverse DNS) and PTR Records
   • Audit Blocking, Restriction, and Redirection via DNS
   • DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) and DNS-over-TLS (DoT)
   • Public DNS Services
   • DNS Security
     • How DNSSEC Works
     • Chain of Trust
     • DNSSEC Record Types
     • Cache Poisoning
   • DNS Load Balancing and Traffic Routing
     • DNS Load Balancing
     • DNS Traffic Routing
     • Advantages of DNS Load Balancing and Traffic Routing
     • DNS Load Balancing and Traffic Routing Algorithms
6. VPN and Proxy Mechanisms
   • Definition and Core Principles of VPN
   • VPN Use Cases on the Web
   • Common VPN Protocols and Mechanisms
     • PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
     • L2TP/IPSec (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol over IP Security)
     • OpenVPN
     • WireGuard
     • SSTP (Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol)
   • VPN Network Topologies
     • Point-to-Point
     • Site-to-Site VPN
     • Hub-and-Spoke
     • Mesh Network
   • SSH Tunneling vs VPN Comparison
   • What is a Proxy and Its Core Principles
   • Comparison of VPN and Proxy
   • Proxy Types and Their Use Cases on the Web
     • Forward Proxy
     • Reverse Proxy
     • Transparent Proxy
     • SOCKS Proxy
   • Proxy and HTTPS: Traffic Handling Mechanisms
     • Passthrough
     • Interception (SSL Inspection)
     • Tunneling
   • Performance Impacts of VPN and Proxy in Web Infrastructure
   • Anonymity with the Tor Network
7. Fundamentals of the HTTP Protocol
   • HTTP Definition and Client-Server Architecture
     • What is HTTP?
     • What is Client-Server Architecture?
     • Role of HTTP in Client-Server Architecture
   • Evolution of HTTP: HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3
   • URL Structure and Components
   • HTTP Debugging and Analysis Tools
     • cURL (Client URL)
     • Telnet
     • ncat
     • Postman
     • Browser Developer Console
     • Burp Suite
     • Wireshark and tcpdump
   • Raw Request and Raw Response Packets
   • HTTP Methods and Use Cases
   • HTTP Status Codes and Their Meanings
   • HTTP Headers and Their Functions
   • HTTP Body and Encoding Basics
     • Which Methods Use a Body?
     • Body Types and Formats
     • Character Encoding
     • Transfer Encoding
     • URL Encoding (Special Case)
   • Cookies and Session Management
   • HTTP Caching Mechanisms
     • Types of Caching
     • Caching Headers and Their Functions
     • Caching Process
8. Modern Web Development: Architectures, APIs, and Processes
   • Basics of Web Development and the Role of APIs
   • API Types and Design Approaches
     • REST (Representational State Transfer)
     • GraphQL
     • SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
     • gRPC
     • Webhooks
   • Web Architectures: Monolithic, Microservices, and Serverless
   • Communication and Data Formats in Web Applications
     • JSON, XML, HTML, Protobuf
     • HTTP
     • WebSockets
     • Message Queues
     • Event-Driven Approaches
     • Long Polling
     • HTTP/2 Server Push
     • gRPC Streaming
     • SignalR
     • RSocket
     • Use of Communication Methods in Microservice Architecture
   • Version Control
   • DevOps and Deployment Strategies
   • Modern Web Trends
     • Jamstack: Static Sites and API Integration
     • No-Code Approaches
     • Edge Computing: API Usage at the Edge
     • Progressive Web Applications (PWA)
     • Single Page Applications (SPA)
     • WebAssembly (Wasm)
     • Web3: Decentralized Applications and APIs with Blockchain
9. Web Management and Performance Enhancement Techniques
   • Management and Optimization of Web Servers
     • Server Operation Methods
     • Multi-Request Handling Techniques
     • Direct Serving of Static Files
     • Performance Optimization Techniques for Web Servers
     • Reverse Proxy: Definition and Use Cases
   • Performance Impacts of Modern HTTP Protocols
   • Web Data Compression Methods
     • Gzip (GNU Zip)
     • Brotli
     • WebP (Image Compression)
     • Performance Effects of Compression
     • Browser Support
   • Web Scaling Strategies
   • Fundamentals of Distributed Systems on the Web
     • Basics of Distributed Systems
     • Fault Tolerance in Distributed Systems
     • Single Point of Failure
     • Scalability and Flexibility
     • Data Distribution and Consistency
     • Coordination and Synchronization
   • CAP Theorem and BASE Consistency Model
   • Data Management in Distributed Systems
     • Managing User Data in Distributed Systems
     • Session Management in Distributed Systems
     • Database Scaling and Management in Distributed Systems
     • Consistency and Synchronization
   • Web Traffic Management and Load Balancing
     • Load Balancing in Web Requests
     • Load Balancing Algorithms
     • Traffic Routing Strategies
     • Traffic Queue Management and Rate Limiting
   • Stateless and Stateful Approaches in Web Traffic
   • Caching Mechanisms and CDN (Content Delivery Network) Usage
   • Logging and Monitoring Mechanisms
10. Security in Web Infrastructure
    • Secure Communication and Network Security
      • HTTPS and Secure Communication
      • HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security) and Details
      • SSL/TLS Configuration and Optimization
      • Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks and Mitigations
      • Firewall and Web Application Firewall (WAF) Usage
      • IP Whitelisting and Blacklisting
    • Web Server Security
      • Critical Paths and Access Control
      • Traffic Management and Protection
      • Security Headers and Content Security Policy (CSP)
      • Web Server Hardening
      • Additional Security Measures
    • Web Application Security
      • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Mitigations
      • SQL Injection and Protection Methods
      • Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
      • File Upload Security
      • Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
      • Security Misconfiguration
      • Sensitive Data Exposure
      • Insufficient Logging and Monitoring
      • Combating and Bypassing Web Scraping Techniques
    • Session and User Security
      • Session Hijacking
      • Session Fixation
      • Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
      • Clickjacking
      • Broken Authentication
    • API Security
      • Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA)
      • Broken Authentication
      • Excessive Data Exposure
      • Injection Attacks (API-Focused)
      • DDoS Attacks (Distributed Denial of Service Attacks)
    • Security Testing and Analysis
      • Core Approaches to Security Testing
      • Security Testing Methodologies and Standards
      • Post-Attack Analysis and Forensics
      • Comprehensive Elements of Security Testing and Analysis
      • Tools and Technologies
    • Risk Management in Web Security
    • Modern Web Security Standards and Approaches
      • OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project)
      • CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures)
      • CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System)
      • ISO/IEC 27001
      • DevSecOps
      • Zero Trust Security Model
      • Bug Bounty Programs
      • Future Trends

This course introduces software development with Python, covering core concepts, object-oriented programming, web scraping, and database operations. It is structured for beginners, building foundational skills progressively.

There are no prerequisites for this training.

1. Introduction to Programming with Python
   • History and Overview of Python
   • Advantages and Use Cases of Python
   • Python Installation and Development Environments
   • First Python Program: "Hello World"
2. Python Syntax and Language Structure
   • Variables and Variable Declaration
   • Variable Naming Rules
   • Code Indentation
   • Comments
   • Basic Syntax Rules (PEPs and PEP-8)
   • Reserved Keywords in Python
   • Print Function
   • EXTRA: Python Lexical Structure
3. Data Types and Structures - Introduction
   • Overview of Data Types
   • Variable Assignment and Dynamic Typing
   • Introduction to Type Checking and Conversion
4. Memory Usage in Python
   • Everything is "First Class"
   • Mutable vs. Immutable Objects
   • Python Referencing Background
   • Memory Optimization in Python Implementation
   • Caching Small Integer Values
   • String Interning
5. Data Types - Numeric Types
   • Integers and Their Properties
   • Floats and Precision
   • Arithmetic and Assignment Operators
   • Mathematical Functions
   • Data Type Conversions
6. Data Types - Text-Based Types
   • String Definition and Basic Operations
   • Escape Characters
   • Raw Strings
   • String Operators
   • String Formatting
   • String Methods
   • Bytes and Bytearray Concepts
   • Encoding and Decoding Operations
7. Data Types - Boolean
   • Boolean Values
   • Comparison Operators
   • Logical Operators
   • Short-Circuit Evaluation
   • Chaining Comparisons
8. Collection Data Structures - Lists
   • List Definition and Properties
   • List Operators
   • Operations with List Data
   • List Methods
   • Multidimensional Lists (Nested Lists)
9. Collection Data Structures - Tuples
   • Tuple Definition and Properties
   • Differences Between Tuples and Lists
   • Tuple Operators
   • Tuple Methods
   • Packing and Unpacking Operations
10. Collection Data Structures - Dictionaries
    • Dictionary Definition and Key-Value Structure
    • Dictionary Operators
    • Operations with Dictionary Data
    • Dictionary Methods
    • Multidimensional Dictionaries (Nested Dictionaries)
11. Collection Data Structures - Sets (Set and Frozenset)
    • Set Definition and Properties
    • Differences Between Sets and Lists
    • Set Operators
    • Operations with Set Data
    • Set Methods
    • Frozenset and Immutable Set Concept
    • Use Cases for Sets
12. Type Conversions
    • Basic Type Conversion Functions
    • Implicit and Explicit Conversion
    • Error Handling in Type Conversion
13. Console Interaction
    • Print Function and Its Parameters
    • Receiving User Input
14. Conditional Statements
    • If, Elif, and Else Structure
    • Short-Circuit Evaluation
    • Nested Conditions
    • Best Practices for Error Handling
    • Ternary Operator Usage
15. Loops - While
    • Structure and Usage of While Loops
    • Break and Continue Statements
    • Infinite Loops and Control Mechanisms
    • Using Else with While
16. Loops - For
    • Basic Structure of For Loops
    • Creating Loops with the Range Function
    • Loops Over Lists, Tuples, and Dictionaries
    • Using Else with For
17. String Formatting
    • Old-Style Formatting (% Operator)
    • Str.format() Method
    • F-String Usage and Advantages
    • Formatting Examples and Tips
18. Functions
    • Defining and Calling Functions
    • Parameters and Default Values
    • Mutable Parameters
    • Return Statement and Multiple Returns
    • Keyword Arguments and Args/Kwargs Usage (Packing & Unpacking)
    • Function Documentation (Docstring)
    • Function Annotations
19. Namespace and Scope
    • Local and Global Variables
    • Scope Hierarchy (LEGB Rule)
    • globals() and locals() Key Functions
    • Modifying Variables Outside Scope
    • Global and Nonlocal Keywords
20. Lambda Functions
    • Definition and Syntax of Lambda Functions
    • Creating Single-Line Functions
    • Usage with Map, Filter, and Reduce
21. List Comprehensions
    • Basic Structure of List Comprehensions
    • Conditional List Comprehensions
    • Dictionary and Set Comprehensions
    • Nested List Comprehensions
22. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
    • Class and Object Concepts
    • Inheritance and Multiple Inheritance
    • The self Keyword
    • Constructor Method
    • Attributes and Methods
    • Encapsulation and Access Control
    • Special Methods (Magic Methods: init, str, etc.)
    • EXTRA: The Meaning of Underscores in Python
23. Modules and Packages
    • Defining and Importing Modules (import)
    • Standard Library Modules (math, random, etc.)
    • Package Structure and Usage
    • Subpackage Usage
    • Installing Third-Party Packages (pip)
    • Using Python Virtual Environments
24. Exception Handling
    • Try, Except, Else, and Finally Structure
    • Defining Custom Exceptions
    • Raising Errors with Raise
25. Iteration and Generators
    • Iteration Concept and Iterable Objects
    • Generator Functions and Yield
    • Generator Expressions
    • Performance and Advantages of Iteration
26. Working with Files
    • Opening and Closing Files
    • Reading and Writing Files
    • Error Handling in File Operations
    • File Management with the With Statement
    • File Encoding
27. Working with JSON, XML, and YAML
    • Introduction to JSON Format and Usage
    • Reading and Writing JSON Data (json module)
    • XML Format Basics and Parsing (xml.etree.ElementTree)
    • Introduction to YAML Format and Usage (pyyaml)
    • Comparison of Different Data Formats
    • Data Conversion and Error Handling
28. Handling HTTP Requests
    • Introduction to HTTP Protocol and Core Concepts
    • Operations with the Requests Library
    • Using Headers and Parameters
    • Fetching and Processing Data from APIs
29. Web Scraping
    • HTML Parsing with BeautifulSoup
    • Fetching Web Page Content with Requests
    • Processing Dynamic Pages with Selenium
    • Data Extraction and Cleaning Techniques
30. Database Operations
    • Introduction to Database Types (SQL vs NoSQL)
    • Lightweight Database Management with SQLite
    • ORM Usage with SQLAlchemy
    • Connecting to MySQL or PostgreSQL
    • CRUD Operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete)

This course covers the essentials of managing Linux systems, from shell usage and file management to networking and process monitoring. The content is structured to build practical administration skills for those who work with or manage Linux environments.

There are no prerequisites for this training.

1. Introduction
2. Shell and Basic Commands
3. Linux Directory Structure
4. Shell Usage
5. Advanced Shell Operations
6. Text Editors
7. User and Group Management
8. File Permissions and Ownership
9. Running Commands as Another User
10. HTTP Requests and Download Files
11. Compressing Files and Directories
12. Package Management
13. Process Management
14. Disk Management
15. Linux Services
16. Network Management
17. Scheduled Tasks on Linux
18. Shell Programming

This course focuses on using Python for cybersecurity, covering reconnaissance, vulnerability analysis, backdoors, and cryptography. The content is structured to provide practical security skills grounded in real-world techniques.

Basic Python knowledge is required for this course.

1. Passive Recon
   • Collecting Business Information
   • Get Whois Records
   • Social Engineering
2. Active Scan
   • Using Console Commands with Python
   • Subfolder and Subdomain Scan
   • Session Hijacking
   • Getting Headers, Robots.txt and Sitemap Files
   • Collecting Information from Source Code
   • Form Brute-Force Attacks
   • Port Scan
   • SQL Brute-Force Attacks
   • SQL-Injection
   • FTP Brute-Force Attacks
3. System Research
   • File Search on A System
   • Vulnerability Test with Payloads
4. Backdoor
   • Python Reverse Shell
   • Basic HTTP Server with Python
   • Permanent Web Backdoor
   • Linux Services and Cronjob
5. Cryptography
   • Create User-defined Wordlist
   • Hash Cracking
   • Zip Cracking
   • Steganography
6. Defensive Security
   • Get File Metadata
   • File Parsing
   • Online Malware Scanning with Python
   • Using SMTP with Python
   • Getting Threat Data and Implement to Firewall
   • Monitoring Web Apps and IPs
7. Projects
   • Basic OSINT Tool
   • Firewall Integrated Web API

This course covers the development of modern web applications with .NET Core, including Razor views, controllers, database integration, dependency injection, middleware, and design patterns. It is structured for those aiming to build production-ready web applications.

Basic C# knowledge is required for this course.

1. Web Protocols and Web Lifecycle
2. Introduction to .NET Core
3. Razor View Engine
4. Tag Helpers
5. Views
6. Controllers
7. Communications Between Controller and View
8. Models and Model Binding
9. Database Integration
10. Database CRUD Operations
11. Action Results
12. View Components
13. Cookie and Session Management
14. Validations
15. Routing
16. Areas
17. Filters
18. Deployment
19. In-Depth - How .NET Core Works?
20. In-Depth - Dependency Injection
21. In-Depth - Middlewares
22. In-Depth - Project Architectures
23. In-Depth - Design Patterns

This course provides a foundation in C# programming, covering console applications, variables, collections, control structures, and object-oriented principles. The content progresses from fundamentals to exception handling.

There are no prerequisites for this training.

1. Introduction to C#
2. Creating Console Applications
3. C# Lexical Structure
4. Variables
5. Type Conversions
6. Collections
7. Operators
8. Condition Statements
9. Loops
10. Functions
11. Object Oriented Programming
12. Exception Handling

This course introduces the fundamentals of Arduino and embedded systems through hands-on electronics projects. The content progresses from basic electronics and digital I/O to sensors, communication protocols, and motor control.

Basic knowledge of electronics and programming is required for this course.

1. Introduction to Arduino
   • Basic Electronics Fundamentals
   • Required Components and Materials
   • Arduino IDE Interface and Workflow
2. Digital Input & Output
   • LED Control
   • Transistor-Driven LED
   • Button-Controlled LED
3. Analog Input & Output
   • Analog Reading with Potentiometer
   • PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
   • RGB LED Color Control
4. Sensors
   • LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
   • LM35 Temperature Sensor
   • HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor
   • Infrared (IR) Sensor
5. Displays & Audio
   • Buzzer
   • 7-Segment Display
   • LCD 1602 Display
6. Communication
   • Serial Communication
   • Communication Protocols (I2C, SPI, UART)
   • HC-06 Bluetooth Module
7. Motors & Drivers
   • DC Motor Speed & Direction Control
   • Servo Motor Control
   • L293D Motor Driver
8. Advanced Projects
   • Building Your Own Arduino
   • Robot Car Assembly